Although PSA does not meet requirements for a screening test, it may be useufl to perform in certain populations. Levels may correlate with tumour bulk and clinical stage, but significant elevations have also been seen in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), and can be seen in prostatitis, and after trauma to prostate (e.g. post bike ride).

Reference intervals are age-related, however the threshold for investigating for possible prostate cancer is not. For more detail, please see https://www.cancer.org.au/clinical-guidelines/prostate-cancer/psa-testing